Article 286 bis punishes the receipt and the offering of unjustified benefits in order unduly to favour another in the acquisition or sale of goods, in the contracting of services or in commercial relations, and it extends the provision to sporting entities and to the manipulation of results.
1. The director, administrator, employee or collaborator of a commercial undertaking or of a company who, personally or through an intermediary, receives, requests or accepts an unjustified benefit or advantage of any nature, or an offer or promise of obtaining one, for that person or for a third party, as consideration for unduly favouring another in the acquisition or sale of goods, or in the contracting of services or in commercial relations, shall be punished with imprisonment of six months to four years, special disqualification from the exercise of an industry or business for a term of one to six years and a fine of the amount of the benefit or advantage up to three times that amount.
2. The same penalties shall be imposed on whoever, personally or through an intermediary, promises, offers or grants to directors, administrators, employees or collaborators of a commercial undertaking or of a company an unjustified benefit or advantage, of any nature, for them or for third parties, as consideration for unduly favouring that person or a third party over others in the acquisition or sale of goods, the contracting of services or in commercial relations.
3. Judges and courts may, having regard to the amount of the benefit or to the value of the advantage, and to the significance of the functions of the offender, impose the penalty of the next lower degree and reduce the fine according to their prudent discretion.
4. The provisions of this article shall be applicable, in their respective cases, to the directors, administrators, employees or collaborators of a sporting entity, whatever its legal form, as well as to sportspersons, referees or judges, in respect of that conduct whose purpose is deliberately and fraudulently to predetermine or alter the result of a sporting test, match or competition of special economic or sporting significance.
For these purposes, a sporting competition of special economic significance shall be taken to be one in which the majority of the participants receive any kind of remuneration, compensation or economic income for their participation in the activity; and a sporting competition of special sporting significance, one which is classified in the annual sporting calendar approved by the corresponding sporting federation as the official competition of the highest category of the modality, speciality or discipline in question.
5. For the purposes of this article the provisions of Article 297 are applicable.
Working translation prepared by Société Juridique from the consolidated Spanish text published by the Official State Gazette. It has no official status: the only authoritative version is the Spanish original, available at the Official State Gazette and reproduced verbatim in our Spanish-language entry for this provision. Source: Organic Law 10/1995 of 23 November, the Spanish Criminal Code.
Whether the benefit is justified. The offence requires an unjustified benefit. Discounts, commissions, hospitality and incentives which are documented, declared and within the usual practice of the sector are justified, and the accounting and contractual record is what establishes that character.
Absence of an undue favouring. The benefit must operate as consideration for an undue favouring. Where the decision was taken on technical or economic grounds which are documented, and would have been the same without the benefit, the causal link required is absent.
Reduction under paragraph 3. Paragraph 3 expressly permits the penalty of the next lower degree having regard to the amount of the benefit and to the significance of the functions of the offender. It is a specific ground of mitigation which must be raised and supported by evidence of both factors.
Position within the undertaking. The provision requires a position which permits the decision to be influenced. An employee without powers of decision, or one who merely transmitted a proposal, does not satisfy the objective element, which requires the internal delegation of authority to be examined.
Liability of the legal person. The offence is one of those which trigger the liability of legal persons. Documenting the compliance programme, the reporting channel and the internal controls addresses that liability separately from the defence of the individuals.
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This entry is provided for information only and does not constitute legal advice. The application of any provision depends on the circumstances of the individual case and requires examination of the case file by a qualified lawyer.